After 6 months the control group experienced an average weight loss of
1%, while the calorie restricted diet group experienced a 10.4% weight
loss. Interestingly the group with a calorie restriction and exercise
regimen lost only 10.0%. The people on the very low-calorie diet, lost
an average of 13.9 %.
This randomized trial, conducted between March 2002 and August 2004,
included 48 healthy, sedentary men and women. Participants were
randomized to 1 of 4 groups for 6 months: control (weight maintenance
diet); calorie restriction (25 percent calorie restriction of baseline
energy requirements); calorie restriction with exercise (12.5 percent
calorie restriction plus 12.5 percent increase in energy expenditure by
structured exercise); very low-calorie diet (890 kcal/d until 15 percent
weight reduction, followed by a weight maintenance diet).
The fasting insulin levels and body temperature levels decreased in all
of the participants who reduced their caloric intake, except the
extremely-low-calorie group. This group did not show a reduced average
core body temperature. Interestingly, the JAMA press release said “there
were no significant changes in fasting glucose or dehydroepiandrosterone
sulfate (DHEAS) levels in any group.” A technique to measure DNA
fragmentation indicated reductions of DNA damage from baseline in all
intervention groups.
"Our results indicate that prolonged calorie restriction caused: (1) a
reversal in 2 of 3 previously reported biomarkers of longevity (fasting
insulin level and core body temperature); (2) a metabolic adaptation
(decrease in energy expenditure larger than expected on the basis of
loss of metabolic mass) associated with lower thyroid hormone
concentrations; and (3) a reduction in DNA fragmentation, reflecting
less DNA damage," the authors write.
After adjustment for changes in body composition, sedentary 24-hour
energy expenditure was unchanged in controls, but decreased in the
calorie restriction, calorie restriction with exercise, and very
low-calorie diet groups. These "metabolic adaptations" were
statistically different from controls.
Leonie K. Heilbronn, Ph.D., of Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge,
La., and colleagues conducted a study.
By Dan Wilson
Best Syndication
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