Science and a
Young Earth - Evolution Vs Creationism – Christian Perspective on
Science
July 31st 2006
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Young Earth |
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Haven't geologists proved from scientific dating methods that the Earth
is 4.5 billion years old? Doesn't astronomy prove that the universe
must, at least, be billions of years old since it would have required
billions of years for light from the nearest stars to reach the Earth?
Don't all qualified scientists, including geologists, believe in
Darwinian evolution and a billions of years old Earth and universe? The
simple answer is "no".
Both evolutionists and creationists have certain built-in assumptions in
interpreting and using scientific data when it comes to the Earth's age.
The issue many times comes down to which assumptions are more
reasonable. Dating rocks is not a hard (no pun intended) science.
For example, many times one radiometric dating method will give a vast
difference in age from another radiometric dating method used on dating
the same rock! Radiometric dating methods have also been severely faulty
when tested with the actual historical age of certain rock. For example,
Hawaiian lava flows that were known to be no more than two centuries old
were dated by the potassium-argon method to be up to three billion years
old! (Science 141 [1963]: 634).
The reason for these huge discrepancies is that these methods are based
on assumptions that no major changes have occurred in the Earth's
atmosphere in the past which could have affected the initial amounts and
even the rates of decay of the substances involved (Industrial Research
14 [1972]: 15). If, for example, a world-wide flood the Bible describes
in Genesis had actually occurred then it would have, indeed, altered the
initial conditions so as to make radiometric dating less than an exact
science, to say the least. The Carbon -14 dating method has been known
to have fifty percent accuracy, but it is only accurate up to thousands
(not millions or billions) of years and can only be used on things that
were once living.
Complicated as the subject of the Earth's age may be, a main reason for
why evolutionists believe the earth is many millions of years old is
because of their belief concerning how the fossil layers were deposited.
What one believes about the deposition of the fossils in the Earth will,
indeed, determine one's view of the earth's age.
Fossils of animals, for example, are formed when animals are buried
quickly and under tremendous pressure, so that their bones, remains, and
imprint are preserved in rock. If living things are not buried quickly
and under enormous pressure their remains will decay rather than become
preserved or fossilized. Most of the many billions of fossils in the
Earth are found in rock that has been affected by water (Sedimentary
Rock). Therefore, most of of the billions of fossils in the earth were
formed as a result of the animals and plants being buried suddenly and
quickly under tremendous water pressure.
Geologists who are evolutionists believe that local geographical floods
over a period of many millions of years deposited these animals and
plants and preserved their remains in the earth's crust. This is only
one view.
Geologists who are creationists believe that a one world-wide
cataclysmic flood, otherwise known as the Genesis Flood, buried most of
these animals and preserved them as fossils in the Earth. Obviously, if
it was one world-wide flood that deposited these animals and preserved
them as fossils in the Earth it would not have taken very long. But, if
the fossils were caused by local and limited geographical floods then it
would, indeed, have required many millions of years before such local
floods could have produced the billions of fossils and deposited them in
various layers all over the Earth.
There are many problems, however, with the local flood theory as the
cause behind the fossils. Even today local floods are not known to be
able to generate the type of tremendous pressure and force necessary to
fossilize creatures in rock. Among other arguments, it is difficult to
explain how local floods could have carved out such majestic and
geographical wonders as the Grand Canyon which is thousands of square
miles and packed with billions of fossils and was clearly formed by the
cataclysmic action and force of water. Yet, evolutionary geologists are
content in believing that the Colorado River merely overflowing its
banks, now and then, over millions of years was capable of performing
such a feat!
The Bible in Genesis 7 says that much of the water that flooded the
whole world came from under the ground. We know even today of vast
reservoirs of water that are under the Earth. Obviously, if the Genesis
account is true, there was much greater amount of water underground in
the Earth's past. Genesis 7 says that this water burst through the
surface of the Earth and, consequently, covered and changed the entire
topography of the Earth.
Passages in the Old Testament Book of Psalms describe God as raising
high mountains from the earth after the world-wide flood so that the
water would recede into the ocean basins. The tremendous velocity and
pressure from such receding water is what most likely caused the
formation of the majestic Grand Canyon with its billions of fossils.
The fossils in the Earth are found to exist in various layers of the
Earth's crust. Evolutionary geologists claim that each layer was formed
and deposited by local flooding over many millions of years. However, in
various parts of the Earth there are fossils of trees that protrude
through several layers! This indicates that these layers were deposited
and formed almost simultaneously and not over millions of years.
Otherwise, the tops of these trees would have decayed a long time ago.
The tops of these trees could not wait millions of years to become
deposited and fossilized so there is no other explanation except that
these layers were deposited in quick succession under cataclysmic forces
and conditions.
Furthermoree, evolutionary geologists believe that the lowest layers
contain only fossils of simple organisms while the higher layers contain
only fossils of complex organisms. This, according to him/her, is
evidence that complex organisms evolved from simpler ones over many
millions of years. As a result of this view, the evolutionary geologist
dates fossils according to the layer of rock in which they are found
and, in turn, dates rocks according to the type of fossils they contain
(circular reasoning!). Thus, the evolutionary geologist simply assumes
that rocks which contain fossils of simple organisms must be very old
(because of his/her assumption that those organisms evolved first) while
the rocks containing fossils of complex organisms must be younger
(because of his/her assumption that those organisms evolved more
recently) even when there is no actual physical differences between the
rocks themselves!
Besides the many assumptions involved, there are other problems with
this view. First, there are no actual transitional stages to connect the
so-called progression of simpler organisms in the fossil record to more
complex ones. Second, this idea that the lower layers contain fossils of
only simpler organisms exists only on paper, in evolutionary textbooks,
and not in the real world. There are many areas in the world where
fossils of complex organisms are found way beneath layers containing
fossils of simpler organisms with no evidence of any shifting of these
layers. Of course, if a world-wide flood did occur, then in many cases
the lower layers would contain fossils of simpler organisms because
these would naturally be the first to be deposited.
Many have insisted that our world and universe must be billions of years
old because it would have required billions of years for light from the
nearest stars to reach the Earth. This is assuming that the stars,
galaxies, and universe were not created complete and fully mature from
the beginning, with the light already reaching the Earth from the moment
of creation. Creationists believe that because God created a mature
universe from the beginning, it naturally has the appearance of being
much older than it actually is. For example, when God created the first
man and woman they were mature adults and complete from head to toe. If
we had observed them five minutes after they were created we would have
thought from their appearance that they had been on earth for many
years, even though they were freshly created from the hand of God.
Highly respected sientist and physicist Dr. Thomas G. Barnes has shown
that according to the rate of decay of the Earth's magnetic field the
earth is only thousands of years old and not billions.
According to evolutionists, the Moon is nearly as old as the Earth and,
from the rate of unimpeded meteors hitting the Moon's surface over
billions of years, there should have been many feet of lunar dust on the
Moon. But, when we landed on the Moon we discovered only a thin layer of
dust. The Moon has no atmosphere to burn up such meteors as the earth
does so such collection of dust was a major concern for scientists
before the astronuts landed there.
There is much more to say on this subject, and there are many positive
evidences for a young earth and universe not covered in this article.
Excellent articles and books have been written by highly qualified
scientists, including geologists, who are creationists showing
scientific evidences for a young earth and universe. M.I.T. scientist
Dr. Walt Brown provides considerable information on the topic at his
site
www.creationscience.com. Also, considerable information on the
subject is provided by scientists of the Institute for Creation Research
at
www.icr.org.
Babu Ranganathan
The author, Babu G. Ranganathan, is an experienced Christian writer. He has
his B.A. with academic concentrations in Bible and Biology. As a religion
and science writer he has been recognized in the 24th edition of Marquis
Who's Who In The East. The author has a website at:
www.religionscience.com
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